{"id":14676,"date":"2024-10-16T14:58:25","date_gmt":"2024-10-16T12:58:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oeb.global\/oeb-insights\/?p=14676"},"modified":"2024-10-16T14:58:25","modified_gmt":"2024-10-16T12:58:25","slug":"learning-analytics-and-ai-questions-of-ethics-and-trust","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oeb.global\/oeb-insights\/learning-analytics-and-ai-questions-of-ethics-and-trust\/","title":{"rendered":"Learning Analytics and AI: Questions of Ethics and Trust"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/oeb.global\/oeb-insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Jane-Bozarth.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/oeb.global\/oeb-insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Jane-Bozarth.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14695\" width=\"215\" height=\"329\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oeb.global\/oeb-insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Jane-Bozarth.jpg 322w, https:\/\/oeb.global\/oeb-insights\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Jane-Bozarth-196x300.jpg 196w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 215px) 100vw, 215px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>For most of\u00a0 my career with USA state government I was housed in, under, or adjacent to the Human Resources (HR) department. I found this to a bit of both blessing and curse. The curse: Much of my work had to do with creating training on dry-as-toast compliance and bureaucratic procedure topics, with colleagues less interested in \u201clearning\u201d than in providing content, often in the form of reading text-based slides aloud to a captive audience. The blessing: This helped me develop a reputation as someone who could find novel or interesting things to do with dry topics, and it gave me an understanding of why\u2014boring or not\u2014they were important.<\/strong><br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another positive takeaway: I saw how frequently the HR side of things was overlooked. I love new technologies and admit to rolling my eyes at some of the attempts to control humans (\u201cWe should have lawyers vet every comment before posting!\u201d).\u00a0 But there have been many times I watched a new technology praised to the heavens by L&amp;D folks with little regard for the legal and paperwork realities involved.<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This has been especially noticeable with a recent hottest topic: Learning analytics and AI. The affordances and promises are dazzling: increased efficiency by informing better choices of materials and approaches to suggesting personalized learning paths and even predicting future performance\u2014it raises a number of questions often rooted in the philosophical or policy arenas.<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Do learners really understand what is being tracked, and when, and who has access to that data?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How long are items like test scores kept on file? Do workers have the right to have such material removed?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Do people know when they are being \u201cpersonalized to\u201d? Does such personalization qualify them \u2013 or not \u2014 for certain career tracks or other opportunities?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Concerns fall into several areas:<br><br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Informed Consent<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Many of us agree to \u201ctracking\u201d without much understanding of what that actually means. In an event likely familiar to readers I recall one day buying a new tower fan from Amazon. I\u2019d be using it on the porch and thought it would be nice to have a cover for it rather than remembering to bring it inside. Within minutes Facebook showed me an ad for\u2026tower fan covers. I had only <em>thought<\/em> about it. But Facebook knew I had ordered it online and anticipated the next thing. Employees may not understand exactly what tracking they have given permission for or how it might be used. As noted by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.solaresearch.org\/publications\/hla-17\/hla17-chapter4\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Prinsloo &amp; Slade 2017<\/a>, the option to opt in or out is just too simplistic.<br><br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ownership &amp; Privacy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The surge in remote work brought with it new conversations around who \u201cowns\u201d a worker; the age of learning analytics and AI asks us to consider who owns data. Does everything belong to the organization to do with as it pleases? Does the learner have any ownership or agency regarding the data tracked and collected and stored about them? Beyond that are issues of security: Consider how many data breaches we see every year. What are organizations doing to keep worker data safe?\u00a0 And where to we draw lines? For instance, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.edweek.org\/technology\/most-tech-companies-profit-off-student-data-even-if-they-say-otherwise-report-finds\/2023\/07\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">EdWeek<\/a> reports that many tech companies profit off of student data:<br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Instead of selling things like names and birthdays, the companies charge third parties for user profiles\u2014essentially information they have gleaned from tracking what a child or their family clicks on and looks at, and for how long. The data can include both activity within the app and sometimes across the broader internet, Kelly explained.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That allows the companies to get a \u201cvery specific, individualized list of preferences and behaviors\u201d for its users, even if there\u2019s no name, phone number, or IP address attached, Kelly said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That\u2019s how it\u2019s possible to follow a user from app to app or website to website and continue to encounter \u201ctargeted ads or to pop up notifications or persuade them to purchase other things\u201d that might not even be related to the content of the app that sold their data. That means students see targeted ads even when using apps or platforms chosen by their school or district.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Transparency<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Apart from the <em>what <\/em>and <em>who<\/em> of considerations about learning analytics and AI are the <em>why and how<\/em>: Why is the employee personality profile so important that it is stored and kept for years?\u00a0 How is that information being used \u2013 to deny a training opportunity, or be put on a specific career path? Why is an employee being nudged toward or away from a particular interest or behavior? Apart from questions of the difference between \u201cpersonalization\u201d and \u201cmanipulation\u201d: Is the worker aware of these things? What are they told, and when?<br><br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Predicting and Profiling: Bias &amp; Fairness<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Dealing with data brings with it the risk of unfairly stereotyping, overgeneralizing, or unintentionally excluding members of the population. Historical data gathered completely out of context may be used to determine that someone is a low performer, does not have management potential, or is a target for placement on a leadership track. Some data sets may unintentionally exclude, for instance, those with physical disabilities or those who work entirely remotely.<br><br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">And more&#8230;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>On top of the array of issues regarding ethics and AI is the need for frank conversation about data. There is danger in putting blind trust in data. Across the literature there is tension between dataphiles, who believe everything can be quantified, and data skeptics, who question whether every element of human emotion and learning can be captured as discrete bits of data. Somewhere in between are interesting conversations about, for instance, whether reliable inferences about humans can be made from activities like tracking eye gaze while completing an online program. And as I have written elsewhere: we need to be careful about letting our measures become targets: quiz scores and the like are only proxies for the learning we hope to support.<br><br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Join me at OEB!<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As you can see, discussion of ethics related to AI and learning analytics brings with it more questions than answers. As L&amp;D practitioners we need to be part of this discussion across our organizations as we help to move into this new world.\u00a0 Join me at OEB at my session, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/myoeb.app.swapcard.com\/widget\/event\/oeb-2024\/planning\/UGxhbm5pbmdfMjE5MTU1MQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Learning Analytics and AI: Questions of Ethics and Trust<\/a>\u201d \u00a0for a lively conversation about some of these questions\u2014and some possible answers.<br><br><br><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Written for <strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/oeb.global\" target=\"_blank\">OEB Global 2024<\/a><\/strong> by <a href=\"https:\/\/oeb.global\/programme\/speakers\/oeb-20\/jane-bozarth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jane Bozarth<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For most of\u00a0 my career with USA state government I was housed in, under, or adjacent to the Human Resources (HR) department. 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class='heateorSssClear'><\/div>","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":14697,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[753,209],"tags":[221,170,575,487,69,784,812,696,808,33,152],"class_list":["post-14676","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-community-resources","category-news","tag-around-the-world","tag-conference","tag-digital-learning","tag-edtech","tag-oeb","tag-oeb-conference","tag-oeb-conference-2024","tag-oeb-insights","tag-oeb24","tag-online-learning","tag-tech"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oeb.global\/oeb-insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14676","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oeb.global\/oeb-insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oeb.global\/oeb-insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oeb.global\/oeb-insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oeb.global\/oeb-insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14676"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/oeb.global\/oeb-insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14676\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14696,"href":"https:\/\/oeb.global\/oeb-insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14676\/revisions\/14696"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oeb.global\/oeb-insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14697"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oeb.global\/oeb-insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14676"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oeb.global\/oeb-insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14676"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oeb.global\/oeb-insights\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14676"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}